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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Advance Access published online on July 1, 2008
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn051
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

High Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus Among Children with HIV-1 Infection in Extreme Southern Brazil

Nildo E. M. D’Avilaa, Linjie Zhanga, Roger G. Millerb, Alan C. D’Avilac, Ana P. C. Conceiçãoc and Manoela S. Boffoa

aDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
bClinical Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
cMedical student, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

Correspondence: Linjie Zhang, Rua Visconde Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Tel.: (55) 53 32330311; Fax: (55) 53 32330311; E-mail: <zhanglinjie63{at}yahoo.com.br>.


  Abstract

Objectives: To compare nasopharyngeal colonization between children with HIV-1 infection and those without HIV-1 infection, with special emphasis on nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Paediatric Day Hospital of a teaching hospital. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in 93 children aged up to 18 years old born to HIV-positive mothers (31 children with HIV-1 infection and 62 age-matched non-infected children). Results: The prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization by S. aureus was higher among children with HIV-1 infection compared with those without HIV-1 infection (45.16% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.001). After adjusting all potential confounders, HIV-1 infection was an independent risk factor for nasopharyngeal colonization by S. aureus, with a prevalence ratio of 4.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.72–10.70). Conclusion: Children with HIV-1 infection had a higher prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization by S. aureus than children without HIV-1 infection. Most of the isolated strains of S. aureus were methicillin-susceptible.

Key Words: nasopharyngeal colonization • Staphylococcus aureus • Streptococcus pneumoniae • HIV • cross-sectional study


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