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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2002 48(5):285-293; doi:10.1093/tropej/48.5.285
© 2002 by Oxford University Press
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Identification of Clinical Criteria for Group A-ß Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children Living in a Rheumatic Fever Endemic Area

Amal Bassili1, Shahira Barakat2, Gamal E. L. Sawaf1, Salah Zaher2, Adel Zaki1 and Ez E. L. Din Saleha1

1 Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra University, Egypt 2 Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra University, Egypt

A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 1-year period (1 January–31 December 2000) during which cases suffering from uncomplicated tonsillopharyngitis were recruited from the private and public health services in Alexandria. The objective was to determine the prevalence of group A-ß haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) among children suffering from tonsillopharyngitis and to identify the clinical criteria predicting GABHS pharyngitis in children. A total of 578 children aged between 1 and 15 years with a mean of 6.3 ± 3.7 years, presenting with sore throat were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and presenting signs and symptoms for each patient were recorded on a standardized form and a throat swab was taken using the filter paper technique. The overall prevalence of GABHS was 17 per cent and the highest isolation rate was reported in children aged 10–15 years. Non-GABHS comprised 11.9 per cent of the total isolates. The most prevalent of them were group C and G streptococci. The highest frequency of both GABHS and non-GABHS was in early spring. Significant predictors of GABHS pharyngitis were: age 10–15 years, the presence of dysphagia, vomiting, pharyngeal exudate, and scarlatiniform rash. Watery eyes and/or rhinitis had a protective value against the diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis, while fever was considered to be a non-specific finding in cases with GABHS pharyngitis. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed higher sensitivity to both penicillin and erythromycin. Only 1 per cent of the GABHS isolates showed resistance to cephadroxil. We concluded that a syndrome of signs and symptoms could be used as a clinical predictor for the diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis.


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A. W. Rimoin, C. L. Fischer Walker, R. A. Chitale, H. S. Hamza, A. Vince, D. Gardovska, A. L. da Cunha, S. Qazi, and M. C. Steinhoff
Variation in Clinical Presentation of Childhood Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Four Countries
J Trop Pediatr, October 1, 2008; 54(5): 308 - 312.
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