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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Advance Access published online on July 3, 2008
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn049
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Moderate-to-Severe Anaemia due to Afebrile Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Children aged 6–23 Months from the Rural District of Kongoussi, Burkina Faso

Hermann Z. Ouédraogoa, Augustin Zebaa, Michèle Dramaix-Wilmetb and Philippe Donnenb

aInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
bEcole de Santé Publique, (ULB), 595 Route de Lennik B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium

Correspondence: Hermann Ouédraogo, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, 02 BP 5608 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Tel.: +226 50 33 35 94; Fax: +226 50 36 03 94; E-mail: <ouedher68{at}yahoo.fr>.


  Abstract

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association of haemoglobin concentration and moderate-to-severe anaemia with afebrile Plasmodium falciparum (PF) infection in 456 rural children aged 6–23 months. Capillary blood was obtained for haemoglobin concentration measurement by HemoCue® and malaria detection by blood smear microscopy. Anaemia was noted in 444 (97.4%) children with 194 (42.5%) being moderate-to-severe anaemia. PF infection was noted in 240 (52.6%) children with 117 (25.6%) being afebrile and 123 (27.0%) being febrile. Children with afebrile and those with febrile PF infection were more likely to have moderate-to-severe anaemia than children who were PF-free, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.86 (1.07–3.23), p = 0.028 and 2.40 (1.29–4.48), p < 0.001, respectively. These results underline the high burden of both anaemia and PF infection in this population. Strategies aiming at controlling malarial anaemia and based on malaria case-treatment should consider both febrile and afebrile PF infection to allow for a better impact.

Key Words: malaria • afebrile • anaemia • children • Burkina Faso


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