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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Advance Access originally published online on August 26, 2005
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2006 52(2):136-140; doi:10.1093/tropej/fmi087
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Dissociation Between Tuberculin Skin Test and In Vitro IFN-{gamma} Responses Following Neonatal BCG Vaccination

Martin O. C. Otaa,b, Tessa Goetghebuera, Johan Vekemansa, Brown J. Okokoa, Melanie J. Newporta, Keith P. W. J. McAdama and Arnaud Marchanta

a Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia b W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD21205, USA

Correspondence: Martin O. C. Ota, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail <mota{at}jhsph.edu>.

The in vitro IFN-{gamma} response to tuberculin was recently proposed as a correlate of vaccine-induced immunity to tuberculosis. IFN-{gamma} also plays a central role in the tuberculin skin test (TST), commonly used as a marker of mycobacterial infection. However, the use of TST as a marker of immunity to tuberculosis is limited for reasons ascribed mainly to interference by environmental mycobacteria. We prospectively investigated the relationship between the TST and cytokine responses to BCG in early infancy, a cohort with relatively low exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Neonatal BCG vaccination induced positive TST responses and predominant IFN-{gamma} responses to tuberculin in most newborns. However, the production of IFN-{gamma}, IL-5 and IL-13 was similar in TST responders and non-responders, and there was no significant correlation between the size of TST response and cytokine production. These results indicate that the IFN-{gamma} assay provides different information than TST in BCG-vaccinated newborns and could be a better marker of vaccine-induced immunity.


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