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An analysis of individual, household, and environmental risk factors for intestinal helminth infection among children in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt
A1 International Course for PHC Managers, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy A2 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy A3 Strengthening Rural Health Services Project, Ministry of Health, Qena, Egypt A Director General for Development Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy Z Corresponding author at: Italian Cooperation, c/o Italian Embassy, 1079 Corniche el Nil, Garden City, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: rhp@sc.soficom.com.eg
During 1994 a cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample representative of the population in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt, to investigate the relationship between intestinal helminthic infection among children and a wide range of variables (demographic, behavioural, cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental). Data were collected by direct observation and by administering a questionnaire to mothers in charge of the household in a sample of 768 households representative of the entire population in the governorate. A stool sample survey was conducted at the same time on all children 2-12 years of age living in the selected households (n = 2657). Diagnosis of intestinal helminths was made on the basis of the Kato-Katz thick-smear technique. After univariate analyses, conducted to define associations among individual, familial, and community variables and prevalence of infection, the relevant variables were included in a multivariate logistic model to assess the importance of each factor as an independent determinant of infection. Several factors were independently associated with increased risk of intestinal helminth infection. In particular, the age of the child (between 4 and 5 years) (individual), the age of marriage for the mother (cultural), type of garbage disposal (household), and type of settlement (environmental) gave the highest predictive value of infection. The present results are consistent with those of former studies and highlight the importance of a multisectoral approach of intestinal helminth infection.
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