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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1995 41(6):348-353; doi:10.1093/tropej/41.6.348
© 1995 by Oxford University Press
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Impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 on Common Pediatric Illnesses in Zambia

C. Chintu, MD, FRCP(C)*,, C. Luo, MD, MMED*, G. Bhat, MD, DCH*, H. L. DuPont, MD**, P. Mwansa-Salamu*, M. Kabika, MRCP, PhD** and A. Zumla, MRCP, PhD**,

*Department of Paediatrics, University Teaching Hospital Lusaka, Zambia
**Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Schools of Medicine and Public Health Houston, Texas, USA

Africa, Asia, and Middle East: Professor C. Chintu, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, PO Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia.

Europe and Americas: Professor A. Zumla, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin 1.729JFB, Houston, Texas, USA.

The seroprevalence of HIV-1 and in-patient mortality in children with common pediatric illnesses was studied. Between October 1990 and July 1991 at the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia, mothers of all pediatric admissions were interviewed and counselled for enrollment of their children into the study. Of a total of 1323 children seen, 1266 children (600 female and 666 male) were enrolled into the study. Pneumonia (28 per cent), malaria (24 per cent), malnutrition (18 per cent), and diarrhoea (10 per cent) constituted over 80 per cent of the total admission diagnoses. Tuberculosis (5 per cent) was the fifth commonest cause of admission (61 out of 1266 children). A total of 354 out of the 1266 (28 per cent) children were found to be seropositive for HIV-1 compared to a seroprevalence rate of 9 per cent in children attending accident and emergency for traumatic injuries (P=0.001). High HIV-1 seroprevalence rates were found in children with tuberculosis (69 per cent), malnutrition (41 per cent), pneumonia (28 per cent), and diarrhoea (24 per cent). The overall mortality in hospital among HIV-seropositive children (19 per cent) was significantly higher than those who were HIV-seronegative (9 per cent) (P= <<0.0001).


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