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Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1993 39(1):4-10; doi:10.1093/tropej/39.1.4
© 1993 by Oxford University Press
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A Survey of Technology and Temperature Control on a Neonatal Unit in Kathmandu, Nepal

R. B. Johanson*,, D. S. Malla**, C. Tuladhar**, M. Amatya***, S. A. Spencer{dagger} and P. Rolfe{dagger}{dagger}

*Department of Obstetrics, North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital Stoke-on-Trent, UK
**Kathmandu Maternity Hospital Nepal
***Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tribhuvan University
{dagger}Department of Neonatology, North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital Stoke-on-Trent, UK
{dagger}{dagger}Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keele University UK

Correspondence: Dr R. B. Johanson, Keele University Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital, Hilton Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6SD, UK

An assessment of the incubators in use at the Kathmandu Maternity Hospital neonatal unit was undertaken; this was followed by a prospective survey of neonatal temperatures on the unit. In the incubator assessment 11 studies were carried out in five incubators. Three of the thermostats in the five incubators did not work at all and those in the other two incubators were more than 3°C inaccurate. All the incubator thermometers gave recordings less than the actual temperature (with a range of error: 1.3–4.4°C). Six out of the 11 babies studied were hypothermic (defined as rectal temperature <36°C). In the prospective survey of temperatures a high incidence of hypothermia was found on the neonatal unit at the time of first temperature measurement (64 per cent had a rectal temperature of <36°C). A significant association between admission hypothermia and mortality was noted. Sixteen per cent (10/64) of babies admitted with temperatures <36°C died within the first week, compared to 0 (0/36) of those admitted with temperatures ≥36°C.


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